1:LaughingDeath-Ananomalousdiseasethatstrikeswithfitsofuncontrollablelaughter,eventuallyleadingtodeath.Firstreportedinthe1950samongtheprimitivetribesofNewGuinea,Africa,patientswouldlaughhysterically,involuntarilyshakingtheirbodies.Onetothreemonthslater,theywouldstarttotwitch,losetheabilitytostand,andtheireyeswouldbecomecrossed,losingthecapabilityforcoherentspeech,andultimatelydie.ThereasonforthisstrangeillnessremainedamysteryuntilanAmericandoctor,KerteszGado,discoveredthatthelocalvillagerspracticedcannibalism,consumingthebodiesoftheirdeadrelatives,thustransmittingthevirus.Withthecessationofthispractice,thediseasealsodisappeared.2:Progeria-Acongenitaldisorderwherepatientsageatanacceleratedrate,withanaveragelifeexpectancyofonly13years.Theillnesscausesanalarmingslowdowningrowth,leadingtounusualfacialfeaturessuchasdisproportionedsmallfaces,skinwrinkles,protrudingeyes,andanarrowjaw.Bytheageoftwo,patientsoftenexperiencehair,eyebrow,andeyelashloss.AccordingtotheU.S.RareDiseaseOrganization,90%ofthosewithProgeriadiefromheartfailureorpneumonia.3:AquagenicUrticaria-Arareconditionwherepatientsdeveloplargehivesaftercomingintocontactwithwater.Withincreasingenvironmentalpollution,moreallergensarepresent,butaquagenicurticariaisparticularlyscarce,withonlyabout30casesworldwide.However,ithasbeenrecognizedbytheAmericanMedicalExaminationBoardasalegitimatemedicalcondition.Itisoftenseeninwomenofchildbearingage,possiblyduetopostpartumhormoneimbalances.A21-year-oldBritishmotherwiththisconditioncouldnotdrinkwaterorbathe,andhadtoresorttodrinkingcolaasasubstituteforwater.4:ForeignAccentSyndrome-Aconditionwhereapersonwakesupafteraheadinjuryspeakingwithadifferentaccent.Thereareonly60recordedcasesworldwide.Initiallydiagnosedasapsychiatricdisorder,in2002,scientistsattheUniversityofOxfordobservedthatpatientswithbraindamagesuddenlychangedtheirspeechintonationanddialect.Thefirstcaseoccurredin1941inNorwaywhenawoman,whohadneverbeentoGermany,startedspeakingwithaheavyGermanaccent,causinghertobeostracizedfromhervillage.5:MoebiusSyndrome-Araregeneticdisordercharacterizedbyparalysisofthefacialnerve,resultinginalackoffacialexpressionsandamotionlessappearance.Thisconditioncanalsoaffectthemovementoftheeyesortheabilitytoblink.AlthoughmostpeoplewithMoebiusSyndromehavenormalintelligence,theirblankexpressionsmaygivethemanunfriendlyappearance.6:ProgressiveOssificationofMuscles-Aconditionwhereapatient'smusclesandtendonsgraduallyturntobone,untilalltheirjointsareimmovable.Thereisnoknowncureforthisdisease,whichisveryrarewithonly600patientsworldwide.Thediseaseturnsthepatient'smusclesintobone,essentiallygivingthema"secondskeleton"andeventuallyrenderingthemunabletomoveanyjoint.7:Porphyria(theso-called"VampireDisease")-Aconditionthatforcessuffererstoliveindarkness,asexposuretolighttriggersseverereactions.Thediseasepreventsthebodyfromproducingakeyprotein-ferroushemoglobin-necessaryfornormalbloodfunction,leadingtoskinandnervoussystemdamage.The18th-centuryBritish"madking"GeorgeIIIwasafflictedbythisdisease.Patientsexperiencesymptomslikeabdominalpain,convulsions,nausea,andvomitingwhenexposedtolight,andmustavoiditatallcosts.8:AliceinWonderlandSyndrome-Aconditionwherechildrenperceiveothersasgiantsormonsters,causingemotionalinstabilityandbizarrebehavior.Patientswiththissyndromehavehallucinationsthatpeoplearoundthemareenlarged,reminiscentofthefictionalAlice'sexperiencesinWonderland.9:Pica-Adisorderwhereindividualseatnon-foodmaterialssuchasglass,earth,orpaper.Whilepreviouslythoughttobeduetoalackofessentialmineralslikezincoriron,manydoctorsnowbelieveitisprimarilyapsychologicalcondition.However,therehasbeenlittleprogressinunderstandingthetruecausesortreatmentsforthisdisorder.10:MorgellonsDisease-Aconditionwherepatientsfeelparasitescrawlingundertheirskin,andtheirskinwoundsoozeblue-whitefiber-likematerial.AccordingtotheMorgellonsDiseaseResearchFoundation,nearly14,000caseshavebeenreportedsincerecordsbegan.Namedin2002byaFrenchmotherwhosetwo-year-oldsondiedfromtheillness,itsexistenceiscontroversialinthemedicalcommunity.In2008,theAmericanJournalofDermatologyreportedthatmanydoctorsbelievethediseaseisactuallyadelusion,withtheperceivedparasiticcrawlinglikelyarisingfromthediscomfortofcommoneczema.